Assata Shakur was found guilty of the murder of both Foerster and her companion Zayd Shakur, . "2d Jury Here Begins Weighing Chesimard Bank-Robbery Case". In 1977, she was convicted of the murder of State Trooper Foerster and of seven other felonies related to the 1973 shootout. When asked by a reporter why, if that were the case, it took the jury 24 hours to reach a verdict, Kunstler replied, "That was just a pretense." [185] Mutulu Shakur, Silvia Baraldini, Sekou Odinga, and Marilyn Buck were charged with assisting in her escape; Ronald Boyd Hill was also held on charges related to the escape. Prial, Frank J. After the vehicle was pulled over, two men stepped out of the vehicle and opened fire on NYPD officers John Scarangella and Richard Rainey. [101], Shakur personally cross-examined the witnesses, getting White to admit that he had once been in love with her; the same day, one juror (who had been frequently napping during the trial) was replaced with an alternate. Farley, Anthony Paul (Fall 2005). Throughout the 1970s, she was indicted nearly a. "Police See More Military Arms in Use". Between 1971 and 1973, Shakur was accused of several crimes, none of which had sufficient evidence to back them. (December 15, 1973). [87] White and Rivers testified that Shakur had guarded one of the doors with a .357 magnum pistol and that Sadiki had served as a lookout and drove the getaway truck during the robbery; neither White nor Rivers was cross-examined due to the defense attorney's refusal to participate in the trial. [196] In particular, one pre-dawn April 20, 1980, raid on 92Morningside Avenue, during which FBI agents armed with shotguns and machine guns broke down doors and searched through the building for several hours while preventing residents from leaving, was seen by residents as having "racist overtones". Her autobiography has been cited in relation to critical legal studies[204] and critical race theory. [36] After an $89,000 Brooklyn bank robbery on March 1, 1972, a Daily News headline asked: "Was that JoAnne?" [52] After her capture, however, Shakur was not charged with any of the crimes for which she was purportedly the subject of the manhunt. "The Soul Survivor; Assata Shakur on the Making of a Radical". [62][183] Amnesty International, however, did not regard Shakur as a former political prisoner. Her family struggled financially and argued frequently; Shakur spent little time at home. Montgomery, Paul L. (February 20, 1972), "3D Suspect Linked To Police Slayings". See Kirsta, Alix (May 29, 1999), "A black and white case Investigation Joanne Chesimard". Black brothers, black sisters, I want you to know that I love you and I hope . [23] She identified as an African and felt her old name no longer fit: "It sounded so strange when people called me Joanne. Sterling, Guy, and Forero, Juan (May 7, 1998), "On the lam, Chesimard is hardly on her own". [162] According to tape recordings and police reports made several hours after the shoot-out, when Harper returned on foot to the administration building 200yards (183m) away, he did not report Foerster's presence at the scene; no one at headquarters knew of Foerster's involvement in the shoot-out until his body was discovered beside his patrol car, more than an hour later. She escaped prison and fled . Bachman. In 1977, she was convicted in the first-degree murder of State Trooper Werner Foerster during a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike in 1973. [81], Sundiata Acoli, Assata Shakur, Trooper Harper, and a New Jersey Turnpike driver who saw part of the incident were the only surviving witnesses. [226], In June 2017, President Donald Trump gave a speech "cancelling" the Cuban thaw policies of his predecessor Barack Obama. Schuppe, Jonathan (February 8, 2004), "In parole bid, Chesimard cohort denies killing trooper". [134] All of the 15 jurorsten women and five menwere white, and most were under thirty years old. [26] Shakur is alleged to have said that she was glad that she had been shot; afterward, she was no longer afraid to be shot again. Their married life ended within a year; they divorced in December 1970. [100] Shakur was immediately returned to Morristown, New Jersey, under a heavy guard following the trial. Getty Images Joanne Chesimard, or Assata Shakur, is New Jersey's most wanted fugitive for killing a state trooper and then fleeing to Cuba in 1979. [108][109][110], Shakur and four others (including Fred Hilton, Avon White, and Andrew Jackson) were indicted in the State Supreme Court in the Bronx on December 31, 1973, on charges of attempting to shoot and kill two policemenMichael O'Reilly and Roy Polliana, who were wounded but had since returned to dutyin an ambush in St. Albans, Queens on January 28, 1973. Assata Olugbala Shakur is best known for her civil rights activism in the Black Panther Party and Black Liberation Army. [129], A total of 289articles had been published in the local press relating to the various crimes with which Shakur had been accused. [184], In early 1979, "the Family", a group of BLA members, began to plan Shakur's escape from prison. "[242], The Chicago Black activist group Assata's Daughters is named in her honor. "Militant Autobiography: The Case of Assata Shakur," in. 781 likes, 20 comments - Jermaine (@therealblackhistorian) on Instagram: "Tupac Shakur was under the radar because of his life long connection with the Black Panther Party." Jermaine on Instagram: "Tupac Shakur was under the radar because of his life long connection with the Black Panther Party and other militant revolutionaries. She has been on the FBI Most Wanted Terrorist list since 2013 as Joanne Deborah Chesimard and was the first woman to be added to this list. According to initial police statements, at this point one or more of the suspects had begun firing with semiautomatic handguns, and Trooper Foerster fired four times before falling mortally wounded. She was acquitted on three of the charges and three were dismissed. Christol, 2001, p. 140. [103] Both defendants were acquitted in the retrial; six jurors interviewed after the trial stated that they did not believe the two key prosecution witnesses. Mar 24, 2017 at 5:05 pm. She has been on the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list since 2013 as Joanne Deborah Chesimard and was the first woman to be added to this list. She later became a member of the Black Liberation Army and was involved in several Black organizing groups, including the Black Panther Party. The Fugitive: Why has the FBI placed a million-dollar bounty on Assata Shakur? [176] At Alderson, Shakur was housed in the Maximum Security Unit, which also contained several members of the Aryan Sisterhood as well as Sandra Good and Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, followers of Charles Manson. [219] In the letter, Waters explained her opposition, calling COINTELPRO "illegal, clandestine political persecution". In 2013 Assata Shakur, founding member of the Black Liberation Army, former Black Panther and godmother of Tupac Shakur, became the first ever woman to make the FBI's most wanted. [122] In this trial, Shakur acted as her own co-counsel and told the jury in her opening testimony: I have decided to act as co-counsel, and to make this opening statement, not because I have any illusions about my legal abilities, but, rather, because there are things that I must say to you. "Assata Shakur: Case of oppression in U.S". She's an activist, member of the Black Liberation Army, and escaped convicted murderer with a $2 million bounty currently on her head. [201] Her autobiography was republished in Britain in 2014[129] and a dramatized version performed on BBC Radio 4 in July 2017.[209]. Assata Olugbala Shakur is a former member of the Black Liberation Army (BLA), who was convicted of being an accomplice in the first-degree murder of State Trooper Werner Foerster. [70] Shakur admitted to carrying an identification card with the name "Justine Henderson" in her billfold the night of the shootout, but denied using any of the aliases on the long list that Barone proceeded to read. 1977) Assata Shakur was born Joanne Deborah Byron and was raised middle-class in Queens. (2001). The great African American revolutionary, Assata Shakur, turned 73 on July 16. One officer said that they had created a "myth" to "demonize" Shakur because she was "educated", "young and pretty". [123], One bank employee testified that Shakur was one of the bank robbers, but three other bank employees (including two tellers) testified that they were uncertain. [232] As of April 7, 2010, the presiding judge has ruled that the issues of students' free speech and administrators' immunity from suit "deserve a trial". [59] The vehicle was "slightly" exceeding the speed limit. Assata had several warrants for her arrest on charges . [100] The defense attempted to discredit White on the grounds that he had spent eight months in Matteawan Hospital for the Criminally Insane in 1968, and White countered that he had faked insanity (by claiming to be Allah in front of three psychiatrists) to get transferred out of prison. [62] Shakur again attempted to remove the trial to federal court. They "attempted to tie Assata to every suspected action of the BLA involving a woman". Johnston, Richard J. [62], In December 1973, Shakur was tried for a September 29, 1972, $3,700 robbery of the Manufacturer's Hanover Trust Company in the Bronx, along with co-defendant Kamau Sadiki (born Fred Hilton). Shakur was charged with two bank robberies, the kidnapping of a Brooklyn heroin dealer, the attempted murder of two Queens police officers stemming from a January 23, 1973, failed ambush, and eight other felonies related to the Turnpike shootout. The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denied the petition and also denied Shakur an injunction against the holding of trial proceedings on Fridays. "F.B.I. Also involved in the shootout were New Jersey State Troopers Werner Foerster and James Harper and BLA members Sundiata Acoli and Zayd Malik Shakur. I felt like an African woman".[24]. Assata was a Black Panther then a Black Liberation Army (BLA) leader in the early '70s, so she was a target of the FBI's COINTELPRO operation. Between 1971 and 1973, she was charged with several crimes and was the subject of a multi-state manhunt. Assata Shakur has been living in Cuba since 1986, after escaping from prison where she was serving a life sentence imposed in a highly disputed trial. [149] Acoli did not testify or make any pre-trial statements, nor did he testify in his own trial or give a statement to the police. [165] The charges were dismissed without trial. "[159], Dr. David Spain, a pathologist from Brookdale Community College, testified that her bullet scars as well as X-rays supported her claim that her arms were raised, and that there was "no conceivable way" the first bullet could have hit Shakur's clavicle if her arm was down. [18] But she soon left the party, disliking the macho behavior of the men and believing that the BPP members and leaders lacked knowledge and understanding of United States black history. A photograph of a woman (who was later alleged to be Shakur) wearing thick-rimmed black glasses, with a high hairdo pulled tightly over her head, and pointing a gun, was widely displayed in banks. The following slightly edited article first appeared online on May 7, 2013, with the original headline, "Assata Shakur is a modern-day Harriet Tubman." . Gysin, Fritz, and Mulvey, Christopher (eds.). [11] Often there were few or no other black students in her Catholic high school class. [93] Judge Gagliardi instructed both the prosecution and the defense not to bring up Shakur or Sadiki's connections to the BLA, saying they were "not relevant". [216], The United States Congress passed a non-binding resolution in September 1998, asking Cuba for the return of Shakur as well as 90 fugitives believed by Congress to be residing in Cuba; House Concurrent Resolution 254 passed 3710 in the House and by unanimous consent in the Senate. "The Msgr. [134] Judge Appleby repeatedly denied Kunstler's requests for DeMarino to be removed from his responsibilities for the duration of the trial "because he did not divulge his association with the juror". In May 1973, Shakur and two other members of the Black Liberation Army (BLA) were pulled over on the New Jersey Turnpike by State Trooper Werner Foerster and another highway officer. She escaped from prison in 1979 and is currently wanted by the FBI, with a $1 million reward for her apprehension. In it she calls herself a revolutionary seeking freedom for "my people." Shakur's 1977 conviction and later escape from prison have made her an icon of black power enthusiasts. [181] An international panel of seven jurists were invited by Hinds to tour a number of U.S. prisons, and concluded in a report filed with the United Nations Commission on Human Rights that the conditions of her solitary confinement were "totally unbefitting any prisoner". Judge Starkey said, "People have constitutional rights, and you can't shuffle them around. She surfaced in Cuba in 1984, where she was granted political asylum. The FBI circulated wanted posters throughout the New York New Jersey area; her supporters hung "Assata Shakur is Welcome Here" posters in response. "Squires Jurors Hear Chase Tape". [95] The new jury selection was marked by attempts by Williams to be relieved of her duties, owing to disagreements with Shakur as well as with Hilton's attorney. [135][152] A sixteenth female juror was removed before the trial formally opened, when it was determined that Sheriff Joseph DeMarino of Middlesex County, while a private detective several years earlier, had worked for a lawyer who represented the juror's husband. [65] The police ordered Assata Shakur and Zayd Shakur to put their hands on their laps and not to move; Harper said that Assata Shakur reached down to the right of her right leg, pulled out a pistol, and shot him in the shoulder, after which he retreated to behind his vehicle. (December 12, 1973). [12][10][201], In an open letter, Shakur has called Cuba "One of the Largest, Most Resistant and Most Courageous Palenques (Maroon Camps) that has ever existed on the Face of this Planet". [13], Shakur attended Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) and then the City College of New York (CCNY) in the mid-1960s, where she became involved in many political activities, civil rights protests, and sit-ins. McFadden, Robert D. (February 19, 1972). [56] Although named after Shakur, CHESROB (like its predecessor, NEWKILL) was not limited to Shakur. [149], Shakur testified that Trooper Harper shot her after she raised her arms to comply with his demand. Why Cuba will never send Assata Shakur to the U.S. [241], In 2015, Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza writes: "When I use Assata's powerful demand in my organizing work, I always begin by sharing where it comes from, sharing about Assata's significance to the Black Liberation Movement, what its political purpose and message is, and why it's important in our context. Shakur was arrested in 1973 and later sentenced to life in prison for the murder of a state trooper. . Trump specifically called for the return of "the cop-killer Joanne Chesimard". [63] In his opening statement to a jury, Hamlin said that Acoli shot Foerster with a .38 caliber semiautomatic pistol and used Foerster's own gun to "execute him". The two men were charged with the murder of Officer Scarangella and attempted murder of Officer Rainey. Tools Sundiata Acoli (born January 14, 1937, [1] as Clark Edward Squire) is an American political activist who was a member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. Assata spent six and a half years in prison under brutal circumstances before escaping out of the maximum security wing of the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey in 1979 and moving to . Black Panther activist Assata Shakur was pulled over by New Jersey police, shot twice and then charged with the murder of a police officer in 1973. Assata Olugbala Shakur is a political activist, author, fugitive and aunt of hip-hop artist, Tupac Shakur. Brown, Civil Rights Lawyer, Dies at 94", "Joanne Chesimard Convicted in Killing Of Jersey Trooper", Statement of Facts in the New Jersey trial of Assata Shakur, Assault Charges Add 26 Years To Mrs. Chesimard's Life Term, Chesimard Murder Case Dropped Because of Delay in Holding Trial, Trenton Topics; Court Absolves Felons in Killings Of Accomplices by Their Victims", Miss Chesimard Flees Jersey Prison, Helped By 3 Armed 'Visitors', 2 Ex-Fugitives Convicted of Roles In Fatal Armored-Truck Robbery, "Assata Shakur was convicted of murder. Assata Shakur was a member of the Black Liberation Army (BLA) which operated as an underground militant revolutionary organization in the U.S. throughout the 1970s. The film premiered at the San Diego Black Film Festival and starred Assata Shakur herself. "[225] In 2013, the FBI announced it had added Shakur to its list of 'most wanted terrorists', the first time that a woman was so designated. [7] She lived for three years with her mother, school teacher Doris E. Johnson, and retired grandparents, Lula and Frank Hill. Janson, Donald (February 19, 1977). Assata Shakur, Joanne Byron, Barbara Odoms, Joanne Chesterman, Joan Davis, Justine Henderson, Mary Davis, Pat Chesimard, Jo-Ann Chesimard, . Tupac's aunt is Assata Shakur, the political activist and former Black Liberation Army member who escaped prison and fled to Cuba after she was convicted for the 1977 murder of a New. [132], The nine-week trial was widely publicized, and was even reported on by the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS). 1973) (per curiam). [119] Judge Jacob Mishlerset set a tentative trial date of November 5 that year. "Gunfight Suspect Caught in Jersey". [144] According to Kunstler's autobiography, the sizable contingent of New Jersey State Troopers guarding the courthouse were under strict orders from their commander, Col. Clinton Pagano, to completely shun Shakur's defense attorneys. They financed this by stealing $105,000 from a Bamberger's store in Paramus, New Jersey. [27], Following an August 23, 1971, bank robbery in Queens, Shakur was sought for questioning. In the Matter of Hinds, 449 A.2d 483 (N.J. 1982). [128] Based on New Jersey law, if Shakur's presence at the scene could be considered as "aiding and abetting" the murder of Foerster, she could be convicted even if she had not fired the bullets which had killed him. [202] She has praised Fidel Castro as a "hero of the oppressed"[12] and referred to herself as a "20th century escaped slave". [91], Sadiki's lawyer, Robert Bloom, attempted to have the trial dismissed and then postponed due to new "revelations" regarding the credibility of White, a former co-defendant by then working for the prosecution. [145] On May 6, 1977, Judge Clarkson Fisher, of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, denied Shakur's request for an injunction requiring her transfer from the all-male facility to Clinton Correctional Facility for Women; the Third Circuit affirmed. I wanted to know everything." She then joined the BLA, a loosely knit offshoot of the Black Panthers, which engaged in an armed struggle against the US government through tactics such as robbing banks and killing police officers and drug dealers.[4]. Waggoner, Walter H. (February 16, 1977), ". Nelson, Jim (February 29, 1988). Hershberger, James (March 24, 2006). . [197] In October 1980, New Jersey and New York City Police denied published reports that they had declined to raid a BedfordStuyvesant, Brooklyn building where Shakur was suspected to be hiding for fear of provoking a racial incident. Allen-Mills, Tony (May 27, 2007). [111] On March 5, 1974, two new defendants (Jeannette Jefferson and Robert Hayes) were named in an indictment involving the same charges. She said she was taught a sugar-coated version of history that ignored the oppression suffered by people of color, especially in the United States. At the rally, a statement from Shakur was circulated condemning U.S. prison conditions and calling for an independent "New Afrikan" state. "Jury Deliberations Begin in Murder Trial of Squire". "Cuba seeks deals with US to fight terror, migrant smuggling". [230], On December 12, 2006, the Chancellor of the City University of New York, Matthew Goldstein, directed City College's president, Gregory H. Williams, to remove the "unauthorized and inappropriate" designation of the "Guillermo Morales/Assata Shakur Community and Student Center," which was named by students in 1989. Most Wanted Terrorists: JOANNE DEBORAH CHESIMARD, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assata_Shakur&oldid=1146866583, Convicted of murder, one of the FBI's "Most Wanted Terrorists", friend of, Bank robbery in Bronx: Conspiracy, robbery, and assault with a deadly weapon, Attempted murder of policemen Michael O'Reilly and Roy Polliana, Turnpike shootout: First-degree murder, second-degree murder, atrocious assault and battery, assault and battery against a police officer, assault with a dangerous weapon, assault with intent to kill, illegal possession of a weapon, and armed robbery, Assault and battery against a police officer, Christol, Helene. 449 A.2d 483 ( N.J. 1982 ) Military Arms in Use ''. [ 24 ] Daughters! 15 jurorsten women and five menwere white, and Mulvey, Christopher (.. Charged with the murder of both Foerster and James Harper and BLA members Acoli... And you ca n't shuffle them around in Use ''. [ 24 ] constitutional! 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