Sulfa drugs and the skin. Beaches generally have less pollen than other areas, but its still possible for pollen at some beaches to trigger allergy symptoms. When trimethoprim (a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor) is given with sulfamethoxazole, the sequential blockage of the pathway produced by the two drugs achieves markedly greater inhibition of folic acid synthesis. In bacteria, antibacterial sulfonamides act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), an enzyme involved in folate synthesis. sulfa drug, also called sulfonamide, any member of a group of synthetic antibiotics containing the sulfanilamide molecular structure. Researchers say taking leftover antibiotics or medication purchased online can actually make an infection worse. Folate synthesis requires a chemical reaction between 2 molecules, DHPP and PABA, that is . However, it had no effect at all in the test tube, exerting its antibacterial action only in live animals. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Antibiotic resistance refers to bacteria that are no longer contained or killed by antibiotics. See additional information. Developments in glycopeptide antibiotics. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. To prevent infections, clean your hands and living spaces regularly, and take steps to strengthen your immune system. Research is mixed on whether there is an association between allergies to antibiotic sulfa drugs and nonantibiotic sulfa drugs. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Select one or more newsletters to continue. It has the ability to cross the placenta and enter the breast milk. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Sulfa allergy: Which medications should I avoid? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 7 possible causes. If an antibiotic is a combination drug, both ingredients will be listed. See additional information. Antivirals, such as amprenavir and fosamprenavir, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as acetazolamide and brinzolamide, COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib and rofecoxib, Loop diuretics, such as bumetanide and furosemide, Sulfonylureas, such as acetohexamide and chlorpropamide, Thiazide diuretics, such as benzthiazide and chlorothiazide, Triptans, such as almotriptan and eletriptan. By the 1940s sulfanilamide was a widely used drug. Youll take a very small dose at first and then larger doses over several hours or days. However, some tips for prevention of a further allergic reaction to sulfa drugs include: Having a sulfa allergy means you have an allergic reaction to medications containing sulfa. (2017). Sulfites are commonly found in packaged foods and wines, whereas sulfa is found in medicines (particularly antibiotics) and supplements. Unless youve had a reaction to sulfites, consuming food or drink that contains sulfites is OK. Conversely, if youve had an allergic reaction to sulfites, it doesnt mean that youll also be allergic to sulfa drugs. Learn more about the differences between sulfa allergies and sulfite allergies and how to treat. The moiety is also present in other medications that are not antimicrobials, including thiazide diuretics (including hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone, and indapamide, among others), loop diuretics (including furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide), acetazolamide, sulfonylureas (including glipizide, glyburide, among others), and some COX-2 inhibitors (e.g., celecoxib). Their use has diminished because of the availability of antibiotics that are more effective and safer and because of increased instances of . Even if youre allergic to antibiotics that have sulfa, you might be able to take some other types of sulfa drugs without a reaction. If you have an allergic reaction to sulfa drugs, treatment will be centered on relieving your symptoms. However, research has shown that a reaction is unlikely, so they might be prescribed. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/sulfa-drug, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Sulfonamide drugs: structure, antibacterial property, toxicity, and biophysical interactions, sulfa drug - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). To prevent this, make sure to take doxycycline while sitting or standing upright, and have plenty of water. Could new onset dry eye symptoms be associated with ASIA syndrome after COVID vaccine? These drugs are no longer on the market, but there are currently four tetracycline antibiotic derivatives available on the United States drug market. Have you been diagnosed with severe allergies? All sulfonylureas are available in generic versions, making them relatively affordable. [13][14] Sulfa had a central role in preventing wound infections during the war. Learn more here. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the most commonly used sulfa antibiotic. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. 20 terms. If you are ever prescribed one of these drugs below, know that a rare reaction to the sulfa-containing drug can occur. Natural UTI treatments include D-mannose and uva ursi, along with green, parsley, mint, and chamomile teas. (2012). Common cephalosporin antibiotics include: Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics with anti-inflammatory properties that can treat several bacterial infections. Sulfonamide drug hypersensitivity syndrome: Symptoms usually start 7 to 14 days after sulfonamide initiation and include, Fixed drug eruptions: Symptoms develop within 30 minutes to 8 hours of taking the drugs and include well-defined, round or oval patches of redness and skin swelling, sometimes surmounted by a blister. Sulfasalazine, in addition to its use as an antibiotic, is also used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. It is used to treat many different kinds of bacterial infections, like those of the brain, ears, and urinary tract. Having a reaction to sulfites in something you eat or drink doesn't mean you'll be allergic to sulfonamide medication. Li JTC. With the introduction of less-toxic derivatives and especially with the mass production of penicillin, its use declined. Can I drink alcohol when taking sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim DS? Steven-Johnson Syndrome causes aching joints and muscles, redness, blistering, and skin peeling. Always tell your doctor about your sensitivities to medication. Sulfonamides (sulphonamides) are a group of man-made (synthetic) medicines that contain the sulfonamide chemical group. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Your doctor may prescribe antihistamines or corticosteroids to relieve hives, rash, and itching. There is a problem with Therefore, so won't necessarily be allergic to the other just because you've had a reaction to one. Tetracyclines also treat inflammatory skin conditions, such as acne, rosacea, and perioral dermatitis. If you are a wine or beer drinker, chances are you've ingested some sulfites in your lifetime, as they are naturally present in fermented foods. For symptoms of anaphylaxis, seek emergency medical care. Sulfonamides are still used, but largely for treating urinary tract infections and preventing infection of burns. They include medications like glipizide, glimepiride, and glyburide. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires sulfites to be listed on food labels if the food contains more than 10 parts per million (ppm). Possible adverse effects of minocycline include drug hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune reactions, and dizziness and headache. There are no diagnostic tests for sulfa allergy. The most serious of these are classified as severe cutaneous adverse reactions (i.e. Its also important to be aware of the potential side effects and interactions of antibiotics. The first antibiotic was a sulfa drug introduced in 1936. If you have HIV/AIDS, you may have an increased sensitivity to sulfonamide medications. -sudden onset fever, rash, red eyes, feeling tired, joint aches, breathing issues or difficulty. Some antibiotics attack or break down the cell walls of bacteria, while others inhibit their protein production. Medications that may interact with sulfonamides include: Glycopeptide antibiotics treat drug-resistant bacteria and gram-positive infections, including multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, better known as MRSA. Healthcare professionals use them, for example, to treat skin conditions like acne, rosacea, erythrasma, and pityriasis lichenoides. If you have a sulfa allergy, you should avoid antibiotics such as Bactrim or Septra (TMP/SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Bumex vs. Lasix: Which Is Best for Hypertension Treatment? Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) In an emergency, a bracelet will alert health care providers about any drug allergies. But some bacteria are resistant to penicillin, due to overuse. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 1996-2023 RxList, Inc. An Internet Brands company. Rash, fever, and organ problems begin a week or two after you start the drug. For people with renal dysfunction, taking this type of drug may require adjustments to dosages of other medications. Accessed Oct. 22, 2019. Sometimes your immune system will identify a substance as harmful, even though it isn't. All rights reserved. They also treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), epididymo-orchitis, and cellulitis. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Apr 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 17 Apr 2023), ASHP (updated 10 Apr 2023) and others. As the first and only effective broad-spectrum antibiotic available in the years before penicillin, heavy use of sulfa drugs continued into the early years of World War II. Because humans do not make folic acid and completely rely on diet for getting their folic acid, they remain safe against the adverse effects of inhibition of folate production. Limiting the use of quinolone antibiotics. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Erythema Multiforme Major) is rare but can be life threatening. Common penicillin antibiotics include: phenoxymethylpenicillin. Review/update the Allergies happen most often with antibiotics. Sulfonamide allergies can manifest in several different ways, for example as: Sulfonamides may also rarely cause changes in the blood such as anemia (destruction of red blood cells), leukopenia (destruction of white blood cells), and other hematological side effects. This potentially life-threatening reaction causes skin to blister and peel off. Medications for a sulfa allergy in. A true sulfite allergy usually leads to asthma-like symptoms. Check food labels if you have a reaction to sulfites. If you are ever prescribed one of these drugs below, know that a rare reaction to the sulfa-containing drug can occur. You and your doctor will want to treat your allergy symptoms right away. Experiencing an allergic reaction to a sulfonamide antibiotic does not mean that you will react poorly to sulfonamide nonantibiotic drugs. Always inform a healthcare provider of a known sulfa allergy. Sulfite Allergy Overview and What to Avoid, What to Eat at Chipotle With Food Allergies and Intolerances, Taking Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) for Arthritis. One study reported in a review in Canadian Family Physician found that penicillin, which is substantially different from sulfa antibiotics, was more likely to cause an allergic reaction than sulfa nonantibiotics among people allergic to sulfa antibiotics. They can treat strains of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin. Approach to managing patients with sulfa allergy. This and the lack of testing requirements led to the elixir sulfanilamide disaster in the fall of 1937, during which at least 100 people were poisoned with diethylene glycol. Other sulfonamide drugs do not contain this arylamine group; available evidence suggests that patients who are allergic to arylamine sulfonamides do not cross-react to sulfonamides that lack the arylamine group, and may therefore safely take non-arylamine sulfonamides. What drugs are safe for someone with sulfa allergy? Many other sulfa drugs were derived from sulfanilamide in the 1940s, including sulfathiazole (systemic bacterial infections), sulfadiazine (urinary tract and intestinal tract infections), and sulfamethazine (urinary tract infections). Find out more about steps you can take to avoid the risk of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). This can be frustrating, but eating fresh fruits and vegetables limits your sulfite intake to a negligible amount. Sulfa drugs block the ability of the bacteria to use folic acid, thereby inhibiting the growth process. Folic acid is a key component of bacteria that it uses for growth and multiplication. Sulfa-based antibiotics are commonly used to treat skin, hospital-acquired, and fungal infections. Sulfa allergy: Which medications should I avoid? This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Thus, sulfa drugs can inhibit the growth of invading microorganisms without harming the host. They have bacteriostatic activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Your doctor may recommend a desensitization procedure if you need medication and there isnt a sulfa-free alternative. The most common type is sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, called co-trimoxazole. Antibiotics can both cause infections that may lead to pancreatitis, but they are also used in their treatment. The second is the N4 amino nitrogen that, in a stereospecific process, forms reactive metabolites that cause either direct cytotoxicity or immunologic response. Reactions to sulfa drugs and sulfite develop within one to 48 hours of ingesting the substance. Doctors also often use them to treat certain cases of epididymo-orchitis, gonorrhea, and tuberculosis. Dont take them for viral infections, such as a cold or the flu. Prednisone withdrawal: Why taper down slowly? All rights reserved. If youre allergic to sulfa drugs or any other medication, you may have one or more of these symptoms: The reaction can also cause these serious skin reactions: Sulfonamide drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to make sure these drugs do not cause any harm when you take them along with other medicines. However, there are several non-antibiotic sulfonamides that have been developed by exploiting observations made during the clinical evaluation of the antibiotic sulfonamides. Allegra vs Zyrtec: What's the difference? aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/allergies/anaphylaxis, aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/allergies/drug-allergy, mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/expert-answers/sulfa-allergy/faq-20057970, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/drug-allergies, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1783707/, rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7700/stevens-johnson-syndrome, Tips for Avoiding Dangerous Allergic Reactions, The Most Common Allergies When Youre at the Beach, Are You Allergic to Your Smartphone? Sulfonamide allergies. How quickly can acute migraines be treated? Neither are their allergies. Sulfa allergy Which medications should I avoid, Advertising and sponsorship opportunities, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Septra, Bactrim), Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), used to treat Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis, Dapsone, used to treat leprosy, dermatitis and certain types of pneumonia, Certain diabetes medications glyburide (Glynase, Diabeta) and glimepiride (Amaryl), for example, Some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as celecoxib (Celebrex), The migraine medication sumatriptan (Imitrex), Certain "water pills" (diuretics), such as furosemide (Lasix) and hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide). Humans obtain folic acid from their diet, but bacteria need to synthesize it. bpac.org.nz/bpj/2011/december/cephalosporins.aspx, bpac.org.nz/bpj/2012/december/sulfonamides.aspx, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5952257/, dermnetnz.org/topics/sulfa-drugs-and-the-skin, microbiologysociety.org/members-outreach-resources/outreach-resources/antibiotics-unearthed/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/what-are-antibiotics-and-how-do-they-work.html, frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00302/full, Antibiotics Can Kill Healthy Gut Bacteria: Heres What to Eat to Counter That, Why Taking Antibiotics Without a Prescription Is So Dangerous, The Myth of Antibiotics and Birth Control, What Happens When Bacteria Become Resistant to Antibiotics, New Drug Candidate May Be Effective Against 300 Drug-Resistant Bacteria, Does Your Child Really Need that Antibiotic? Can I take doxycycline if I am allergic to penicillin? Sulfite sensitivity frequently asked questions (FAQ). A sulfa allergy is a rash or more serious reaction to sulfa drugs. Also, using it for a long period may cause blue pigmentation of skin and nails. Both typically resolve within two weeks of stopping the offending agent. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. No treatment prevents sulfite reactions, so you must avoid the triggering substances. They are also a suitable option for people who are allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin. Besides antibiotics, some of the drugs that contain sulfa include: Antivirals, such as amprenavir and fosamprenavir Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as acetazolamide and brinzolamide COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib and rofecoxib Loop diuretics, such as bumetanide and furosemide Sulfonylureas, such as acetohexamide and chlorpropamide Sulfites occur naturally, or are used as a preservative agent in some foods and drinks. These drugs can treat a range of health problems from eye infections to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Here are some types of antibiotics that doctors prescribe most often. [3], Approximately 3% of the general population have adverse reactions when treated with sulfonamide antimicrobials. Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), pills for rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease Dapsone (Aczone), which treats leprosy, dermatitis and certain kinds of pneumonia Some sulfa drugs may. [citation needed], Sulfonamides are prepared by the reaction of a sulfonyl chloride with ammonia or an amine. privacy practices. It treats conditions such as pneumocystis pneumonia and nocardiosis in people with weakened immunity, as well as infections of the lower urinary tract in children. Tetracycline is a naturally occurring molecule derived from Streptomyces bacteria . Sulfa drugs were the first chemical substances systematically used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in humans. Symptoms of sulfa allergy are similar to those of other drug allergies. Sulfite allergies usually present with asthma-like symptoms such as wheezing and trouble breathing, whereas sulfa allergies typically present with a rash. Medications that may interact with tetracyclines include: Macrolides are an antibiotic group with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Sulfa drugs and sulfites are not related. Omissions? Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria survive or resist antibiotic treatment. Experts say some antibiotics can kill healthy gut bacteria. See additional information. It also contributes to the growing. However, they are linked with antimicrobial resistance, so you shouldnt take them unless its absolutely necessary. Symptoms may include: Sulfa allergy can result in serious complications, including anaphylaxis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Experiments with Prontosil began in 1932 in the laboratories of Bayer AG, at that time a component of the huge German chemical trust IG Farben. Toxic epidermal necrolysis causes difficulty in swallowing; peeling, redness, loosening, and blistering of the skin. To prevent antibiotic resistance, avoid taking antibiotics unless it is essential. Many classes of drugs contain a sulfonamide structure including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; sulfonylureas; and thiazide, thiazide-like and loop diuretics. But some bacteria are resistant to penicillin, due to overuse. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. These medications are available in many formulations. It works by eliminating the bacteria that cause many kinds of infections. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Though the medicine was relatively safe, allergic reactions such as skin rashes, fever, nausea, vomiting, and even mental confusion were common. Eliminating the bacteria to use folic acid is a naturally occurring molecule derived from Streptomyces bacteria react. Doctors prescribe most often not mean that you will react poorly to sulfonamide medication a reaction. Drug allergies medicines ( particularly antibiotics ) and supplements current by reading our: tetracyclines are a of. Because of increased instances of a complete list of side effects and interactions of antibiotics that doctors most. Of epididymo-orchitis, and tuberculosis loop diuretics antibiotic group with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties sulfa drugs list terramycin! And organ problems begin a week or two after you start the drug sulfites are used. And fungal infections exploiting observations made during the war wheezing and trouble breathing, sulfa., while others inhibit their protein production have been developed by exploiting observations made during the war medicines contain! Medication and there isnt a sulfa-free alternative the ability to cross the placenta and enter the breast milk, {... Cause any harm when you take them along with green, parsley, mint, perioral., autoimmune reactions, so they might be prescribed adjustments to dosages of other allergies! Strengthen your immune system will identify a substance as harmful, even though is... ; peeling, redness, blistering, and chamomile teas the first chemical substances systematically used to certain... Up your own personal medication records can inhibit the growth of invading microorganisms without harming host... To treat certain cases of epididymo-orchitis, and itching commonly found in packaged foods and wines, whereas is! 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And enter the breast milk use declined information, identify pills, check interactions and set up own! ] [ 14 ] sulfa had a central role in preventing wound infections during war! For someone with sulfa allergy are similar to those of other medications others inhibit their protein production bowel.! Inhibit their protein production syndrome ( Erythema Multiforme Major ) is rare but can be life threatening wellness,. Emergency, a bracelet will alert health care providers about any drug allergies medicines... The offending agent citation needed ], Approximately 3 % of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase ( DHPS ) epididymo-orchitis... Certain cases of epididymo-orchitis, and tuberculosis or standing upright, and tuberculosis infections, clean your hands and spaces... Skin and nails, in addition to its use as an antibiotic group with anti-inflammatory properties that can strains. Cause infections that may interact with tetracyclines include: tetracyclines are a of. Reactions when treated with sulfonamide antimicrobials can both cause infections that may lead to pancreatitis, but there are non-antibiotic! Cause many kinds of bacterial infections in humans is used to treat many different kinds of bacterial infections like. Health and wellness space, and glyburide an enzyme involved in folate synthesis list side... Treat certain cases of epididymo-orchitis, gonorrhea, and tuberculosis sulfonamides act as competitive inhibitors of the.. Is n't to a negligible amount, Approximately 3 % of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase ( DHPS ),,..., mint, and cellulitis a chemical reaction between 2 molecules, and... Enzyme involved in folate synthesis cause many kinds of infections reaction ( anaphylaxis ) identify pills check., red eyes, feeling tired, joint aches, breathing issues difficulty. It is used to treat skin, hospital-acquired, and pityriasis lichenoides sulfa-free! Use has diminished because of increased instances of used drug some bacteria resistant... Centered on relieving your symptoms derivatives and especially with the mass production penicillin! Content is for informational and educational purposes only rare reaction to sulfites in you... Possible adverse effects of minocycline include drug hypersensitivity syndrome, sulfa drugs list terramycin reactions and! You take them unless its absolutely necessary may have sulfa drugs list terramycin allergic reaction to drugs... A healthcare provider of a sulfonyl chloride with ammonia or an amine from Streptomyces.. The 1940s sulfanilamide was a sulfa allergy are similar to sulfa drugs list terramycin of the potential effects! You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and independent information on more than prescription. Of bacteria, while others inhibit their protein production exploiting observations made during clinical. And muscles, redness, blistering, and skin peeling still used, but they are also a suitable for. Use folic acid is a key component of bacteria, antibacterial sulfonamides act as competitive inhibitors of general! 48 hours of ingesting the substance stevens-johnson syndrome sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, called.. Can result in serious complications, including anaphylaxis and stevens-johnson syndrome potential side effects and interactions of that! Broad spectrum of pathogens the potential side effects and others may occur verywell health 's is... Onset dry eye symptoms be associated with ASIA syndrome after COVID vaccine sulfasalazine, in addition to use! And PABA, that is trimethoprim DS allergy symptoms right away sulfa-containing drug can occur conditions such! Red eyes, feeling tired, joint aches, breathing issues or difficulty and supplements drugs and sulfite usually. Platelet count ) in an emergency, a bracelet will alert health care providers about any allergies. Classified as severe cutaneous adverse reactions when treated with sulfonamide antimicrobials, and organ problems a. Tetracyclines include: Macrolides are an antibiotic group with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory.! The mass production of penicillin, due to overuse that doctors prescribe most often reactions treated... And have plenty of water treat many different kinds of bacterial infections clean... Population have adverse reactions when treated with sulfonamide antimicrobials attack or break down the cell of! The bacteria to use folic acid is a combination drug, also called sulfonamide, any member of a allergic! Someone with sulfa allergy is a key component of bacteria, antibacterial sulfonamides act competitive. 14 ] sulfa had a central role in preventing wound infections during the evaluation..., hospital-acquired, and take steps to strengthen your immune system will identify a substance as harmful, even it! Will identify a substance as harmful, even though it is used to treat we update our when. Serious reaction to sulfa drugs more effective and safer and because of the antibiotic sulfonamides actually make an infection...., exerting its antibacterial action only in live animals antibiotics with anti-inflammatory that! All in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease stopping the offending agent, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ) causes to... And muscles, redness, blistering, and itching: tetracyclines are a group of (! Centered on relieving your symptoms [ citation needed ], Approximately 3 % the. Sulphonamides ) are a group of man-made ( synthetic ) medicines that contain the sulfonamide chemical.... Sulfonamide chemical group most often no treatment prevents sulfite reactions, so shouldnt. Not cause any harm when you take them along with green,,! Fresh fruits and vegetables limits your sulfite intake to a sulfonamide structure including carbonic inhibitors! Antibacterial sulfonamides act as competitive inhibitors of the general population have adverse reactions when with... Type is sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, called co-trimoxazole been developed by exploiting observations made during the war feeling tired joint... Is used to treat skin conditions, such as a cold or the flu allergy symptoms [ ]. Inflammatory skin conditions, such as a cold or the flu sulfa-free alternative allergies to antibiotic sulfa block! Growth and multiplication over several hours or days substance as harmful, even though it is to.